A GIS-supported Multidisciplinary Database for the Management of UNESCO Global Geoparks: the Courel Mountains Geopark (Spain)

[Abstract] The management of a UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) requires a vast wealth of miscellaneous scientific knowledge that can be successfully organised using a Geographical Information System (GIS). This paper presents a pragmatic GIS database to assist in the suitable governance of the Courel Mountains UGGp (2017) in Northwest Spain. The database is structured in 66 coverages compiled from public sources and previous works or produced through traditional mapping (combining fieldwork and photointerpretation) and GIS tools. The acquired data was later homogenised and validated by a multidisciplinary team and archived in independent coverages. Forty thematic maps illustrate the broad range of cartographic information included in the GIS database. Among them, 25 basic maps provide an overview of the UGGp and 15 new maps focus on crosscutting and technical issues. All maps illustrate the huge potential of GIS to create new resources combining coverages and adapting the legend according to their purpose and audience. The database facilitates the suitable publishing of consistent outputs (e.g., brochures, books, panels, webpages, web serves), as well as the elaboration of technical data to assist the park management. The database furnishes information on the design of education actions, touristic routes, activities and Geopark facilities. The GIS database is also a supportive tool for scientific research and provides the necessary knowledge to conduct geoconservation actions based on land use, geological hazards and the occurrence of natural and cultural heritages. Altogether, the GIS database constitutes a powerful instrument for policy-making, facilitating the identification and evaluation of alternative strategy plans.This work was developed in the framework of the Scientific Program of the Courel Mountains UGGp with the cooperation of tourism agents (A.M. Arza and A. López), roofing slate quarries (Pizarras de Villarbacú, Pizarras de Quiroga) and local people (M. Reinosa, G. Díaz, O. Álvarez). We are deeply grateful to J.R. Martínez Catalán (Universidad de Salamanca), A. Pérez-Alberti and J. Guitián (both from Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), J.R. Gutiérrez-Marco (ICOG, Universidad Complutense de Madrid/CSIC), J. Vegas (IGME-CSIC), L. González-Menéndez (IGME-CSIC), J.M. García Queijeiro (Universidade de Vigo), L. Santos and A. Grandal-D’Anglade (both from Universidade da Coruña) for their assistance supplying information involved in the database. We thank also E. de Boer for proofreading the article. DB is grant holder of Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación 2021, funded by Junta de Andalucí

Design of a GIS-database for the management of the Courel Mountains UNESCO Global Geopark (Spain)

X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - GasteizSe ha desarrollado una base de datos en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) para la gestión del Geoparque Mundial de la UNESCO Montañas do Courel (NO de España). El SIG incluye 66 capas de información topográfica, geológica, minera, biológica, arqueológica y etnográfica, que pueden ser combinadas entre sí para elaborar mapas temáticos adaptados a la finalidad y al usuario. Los mapas generados son empleados en actividades de divulgación, en el diseño de cartografías técnicas de apoyo a los gestores del Geoparque, en el desarrollo de estudios científicos y en acciones de geoconservació

A primary healthcare information intervention for communicating cardiovascular risk to patients with poorly controlled hypertension: The Education and Coronary Risk Evaluation (Educore) study-A pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial

PURPOSE: Uncertainty exists regarding the best way to communicate cardiovascular risk (CVR) to patients, and it is unclear whether the comprehension and perception of CVR varies according to the format used. The aim of the present work was to determine whether a strategy designed for communicating CVR information to patients with poorly controlled high blood pressure (HBP), but with no background of cardiovascular disease, was more effective than usual care in the control of blood pressure (BP) over the course of a year. METHODS: A pragmatic, two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial was performed. Consecutive patients aged 40-65 years, all diagnosed with HBP in the last 12 months, and all of whom showed poor control of their condition (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg), were recruited at 22 primary healthcare centres. Eleven centres were randomly assigned to the usual care arm, and 11 to the informative intervention arm (Educore arm). At the start of the study, the Educore arm subjects were shown the "low risk SCORE table", along with impacting images and information pamphlets encouraging the maintenance of good cardiovascular health. The main outcome variable measured was the control of HBP; the secondary outcome variables were SCORE table score, total plasma cholesterol concentration, use of tobacco, adherence to prescribed treatment, and quality of life. RESULTS: The study participants were 411 patients (185 in the Educore arm and 226 in the usual care arm). Multilevel logistic regression showed that, at 12 months, the Educore intervention achieved better control of HBP (OR = 1.57; 1.02 to 2.41). No statistically significant differences were seen between the two arms at 12 months with respect to the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to usual care, the Educore intervention was associated with better control of HBP after adjusting for age, baseline SBP and plasma cholesterol, at 12 months.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigación en Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias y Servicios de Salud (PI 09/90354), and the Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica en Atención Primaria (FIIBAP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptS

Enrichment in critical metals (In-Ge) and Te-Se in epithermal deposits of the 'La Carolina' district, San Luis, Argentina

Epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the La Carolina district, in the San Luis metallogenetic belt (Argentina), are related spatially and genetically to Mio-Pliocene volcanism. In this district, mineralization in the Cerro Mogote and Puesto La Estancia prospects occur as disseminations, veins and fracture/cavity infillings in volcanic/pyroclastic rocks, metamorphic basement and hydrothermal breccias. The gangue assemblage is dominated by carbonates (siderite, rhodochrosite, kutnahorite, dolomite). The main sulfides are pyrite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. Pyrite and sphalerite have compositional zoning, the former with As-rich cores and Cu-rich overgrowths, the latter with Fe-rich and Fe-poor bands. Sphalerite shows variable contents of Mn, Cu, In, Ga, Ge and Ag. The In-richest sphalerite hosts up to 5940 ppm In but also contains elevated concentrations of Cu, Ag, Ga and Ge, suggesting a coupled substitution mechanism resulting in enrichments in monovalent (Ag+, Cu+) and trivalent-tetravalent cations (Ga3+, In3+, Ge4+). The main precious metal minerals are Ag-rich tetrahedrite, acanthite, argyrodite, pearceite-polybasite and Au-Ag alloy. Locally, Se and/or Te-enriched minerals include galena Pb(S0.9-1Se0.1-0), hessite Ag2(Te0.9-1Se0.1-0), Se-rich cervelleite Ag4(Te1.3-0.9S1-0.5 Se0.5-0.2), and also alburnite [Ag8GeTe2S4] and benleonardite [Ag15Cu(As,Sb)2S7Te4]. Pearceite contains Te (3.6-4.3 wt.%) and Se (1-2.3 wt.%) substituting for S, which are unusually high concentrations for this mineral. The Puesto La Estancia deposit contains various tellurides including sylvanite, petzite, stutzite, altaite, tellurobismuthite and volynskite. This study shows that the chemistry of the fluids fluctuated during ore deposition suggesting different fluid pulses (system rejuvenation and/or boiling). The enrichment in Te, Se and Bi enrichment is supportive of a magmatic contribution to the ore fluid, while graphite in the metamorphic basement could be the source of germanium, although a magmatic source cannot be ruled out.Fil: Gallard Esquivel, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cepedal, A.. Universidad de Oviedo; EspañaFil: Fuertes Fuente, Maria Mercedes. Universidad de Oviedo; EspañaFil: Martin Izard, A.. Universidad de Oviedo; Españ

Ore Geology Reviews 142 (2022) 104736 Available online 3 February 2022 0169-1368/© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).New insights on the Escoural Orogenic gold district (Ossa-Morena Zone, SW Iberia): Geochemistry, fluid inclusions and stable isotope constraints from the Monfurado gold prospect

The Escoural gold district belongs to the Montemor-Ficalho metallogenic belt which is part of the Portuguese section of Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ), at the SW of Iberia. The Escoural gold district includes twelve gold pros- pects and/or deposits largely controlled by the NW-SE Montemor-o-Novo Shear Zone (MNSZ) and associated fault zones, extending for approximately 30 km. Ubiquitously, gold-arsenopyrite-loellingite assemblages hosted in quartz-sericite-chlorite veins are found in most deposits, although, in the Monfurado prospect, the gold- bearing assemblages are more complex. This prospect is located in the vicinity of a Cambrian SEDEX-VMS iron deposit, from which massive and disseminated iron-ores hosted in marbles and calcsilicate rocks, were exploited. The interplay of the gold mineralizing processes with the iron-rich host rocks has favored gold deposition at the Monfurado prospect. Selected samples from six drill cores allowed to define two mineralizing events: the pre-ore and ore stages. Two types of gold mineralization characterize the ore-stage: i) massive sulfide horizons in which gold (Au = 85.6–86.3 wt%; Ag = 13.1–13.6 wt%) is hosted in arsenopyrite and pyrite or, seldomly, gold particles (Au = 91.8 wt%; Ag = 7.1 wt%) found in an arsenopyrite-rich layer; and ii) quartz- chlorite-pyrite veins crosscutting acid metavolcanic rocks with rhyolite-rhyodacite affinities, in which gold (Au = 80.5–82.9 wt%; Ag = 16.8–18.7 wt%) is found as fracture filling in pyrite, sometimes accompanied by Bi- Te phases. Arsenopyrite geothermometer suggests that for type i the overall deposition temperature falls within the range of 188 ◦C to 372 ◦C. Type ii mineralization lacks arsenopyrite, and for this reason, thermodynamic constraints were gathered from fluid inclusions and chlorite geothermometer. CH4-rich fluid inclusions are ubiquitous in transgranular fluid inclusion planes, suggesting that reduced fluids percolated the rocks that host type ii mineralization. The reduced fluids support the transport of gold in sulfide complexes, such as AuHS- and Au(HS)-2. Furthermore, secondary H2O-NaCl fluid inclusions (Lw2) were found, with mean salinities of 6.0 eq. w (NaCl) and mean homogenization temperature of 226 ◦C, with corresponding pressures of 3.0 MPa, thus sug- gesting late hydrostatic regimes. Chlorite geothermometer results are in the range of 229 ◦C and 309 ◦C, agreeing with the fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures for Lw2 fluids. Sulfur isotope (δ34S) analysis of representative sulfide phases collected from both mineralization types, revealed signatures ranging from 8.5 ‰ and 10.6 ‰, indicating a single sulfur source. The gathered results suggest that although fluid transport is structurally controlled by MNSZ activity, the sulfidation reactions pro- moted by fluid-rock interactions are the main control on gold deposition from type i mineralization. It is further suggested that a coeval gold-event can lead to the deposition of two different types of mineralization, related to distinct gold deposition mechanisms